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The one-way ANOVA compares the means between the groups you are interested in and determines whether any of those means are statistically significantly different from each other.
The NULL hypothesis (H0) assumes that all group population means are equal. The alternative hypothesis (HA) is that there are at least two group means that are significantly different from each other. Briefly stated, if the result of a one-way ANOVA is statistically significant, we accept the alternative hypothesis; otherwise, we reject the alternative hypothesis.
The one-way ANOVA is a statistic test that cannot state which specific groups were significantly different from each other (just that at least two groups were different). To determine which specific groups differed from each other post-hoc comparison test need to be applied. In the PMOD-R Anova analysis the post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference method based on the Studentized range distribution is implemented.